Head, Neck, and Major Body Joint (MBJ) Splinting Overview
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Head, Neck, and Major Body Joint (MBJ) Splinting Overview

Purpose of Splinting

• To immobilize an injured area to prevent further damage to muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels.

• To reduce pain and swelling.

• To minimize the risk of turning a partial injury into a complete fracture or dislocation.

General Principles of Splinting

1. Check the Scene & Ensure Safety
   Make sure it’s safe for both rescuer and victim.

2. Call for Help if Needed
   For suspected head, neck, or spinal injuries, activate EMS immediately.

3. Assess for Life-Threatening Conditions First
   Treat airway, breathing, and circulation before splinting.

4. Immobilize Above and Below the Injury Site
   Include the joints above and below a fracture or dislocation.

5. Check Circulation, Sensation, and Movement (CSM) Before and After Splinting

   • Circulation: Check distal pulse

   • Sensation: Ask the person if they can feel touch

   • Movement: Ask them to wiggle fingers/toes

6. Apply Splint Without Moving the Injury Unnecessarily
   If possible, splint in the position found unless you need to realign for circulation.

Special Considerations

Head & Neck Injuries

• Do NOT move the person unless necessary to save their life.

• Use manual stabilization until EMS arrives.

• Apply a cervical collar if trained and available.

• If movement is needed, use the log roll technique with multiple rescuers.

Major Body Joint Injuries

• Shoulder: Use a sling and swathe to immobilize the arm against the body.

• Elbow: Splint in the position found — avoid straightening if bent, or bending if straight.

• Wrist/Hand: Use a rigid splint or rolled gauze to keep in functional position.

• Knee: Immobilize in the position found; secure above and below with padded splints.

• Ankle/Foot: Use a padded rigid splint or soft splint; immobilize above and below.

Types of Splints

• Rigid Splint: Made of firm materials (wood, metal, plastic).

• Soft Splint: Made of soft padding (blanket, pillow, rolled towel).

• Anatomical Splint: Using the body itself (e.g., injured leg tied to uninjured leg).

• Vacuum/Inflatable Splint: Specialized EMS splints for contouring and immobilization.

After Splinting

• Recheck CSM (Circulation, Sensation, Movement) beyond the splint.

• Loosen the splint if circulation is impaired.

• Keep the person warm and monitor for shock.